An Overview.

There are many names for the flies we use but they can be broken down into 4 or 5 groups.
_____________________________

Dry Flies

_____________________________

How can something made for use on water be dry? Well the term really refers to flys that float in the surface film. As do the things they imitate. People love to fish with "drys". Seeing the fish come up and take it is very gratifying and addictive. The basic, and quite difficult, way is to float the fly along in a "drag free" way. In other words the fly must float along like it isn't tied to your line.
 Dry flies can be grouped as well.
_____________________________

Traditional Drys
_____________________________
Adams, Black Gnat, Blue Wing Olive, Bivisible, Cahill, Hendrickson, Drakes, March Brown and many, many more. They are named either after the fly they are imitating like a Pale Morning Dun or Elk Hair Caddis and some are named after the tier like the White Wulff. And some are traditional but resemble nothing like the Royal Coachmen.
_____________________________

Non-Traditional Drys
_____________________________

Thorax drys, parachute drys, spring creek drys, CDC drys, Elk Hair and the whole family of "terrestrials" like hopper patterns and foam patterns and emergers which are floating/suspended nymphs.
_____________________________

Nymphs

_____________________________

Though dry fly fishing is fun 90% of the fish's diet is below the water line.

_____________________________

Nymphs can be divided into two groups. Nymphs (larva) of flys like mayflys, stone flys, dobson flys and stone flys. The second group would be aquatic life that spends all its life in the water such as scuds, water boatmen, backswimmers etc. The two basic ways of fishing these flys is a dead drift and watch the take using either a strike indicator or a sharp eye on the leader. The other way is to retrieve the fly in a manner the best imitates the real thing.

_____________________________

Streamers

_____________________________

These are not truly "flies" but imitate minnows and leeches.
Mickey Finn, Black Nose Dace, Muddler minnow, Marabou Muddler, Zonkers etc are minnow imitators with Marabou leech and Wooly Buggers imitating leeches.
The Wooly Bugger is so good and popular and has so many variations it is almost a fly grouping in its own. The usual way to fish these is to impart some movement using current and or your retrieve.

_____________________________

Wet Flies

_____________________________

The so-called original fly. And many of the names will sound familiar as they the same as some dry fly names. Royal coachman, Black Gnat & Blue Olive all are wets changed to drys (dry hackle) as well as the Professor and Montreal. The wooly worm is sometimes considered in this group.
The traditional way to fish these is to quarter cast (down stream at a 45 degree angle) and let the fly "swing" through the current till a fish hits it.

_____________________________

Lures???

______________________________

Then we have the rest. Flies for pike and bass such as the large family of deer hair and foam poppers. As well as extra large streamers.
And as an add on we have salmon and steelhead flies that don't apply to us in
Manitoba (unless you are on a vacation).